I've installed and run a few Powerbuilder applications on an older version of Windows Server Core, maybe 2016.  It was running on a VM though, not in a container. It was a bit of trial and error getting it running.  Obviously I needed all the PB runtimes installed. I also needed to install Ghostscript and PDF printer and copy a few fonts across. From memory, I think I had to also copy oledlg.dll to the server because the PB runtime at the time had a dependency on that dll and it wasn't installed on Server Core.

My applications aren't strictly command line applications. I can still run them with a GUI if I want, but in normal operation I pass a switch to them so they do their thing and then exit without a GUI.